Written up, and linked.
The method, the reports and the documentation behind the systems. What is public is linked; the rest is sent on request.
Operational sovereignty in digital infrastructure.
Who can run, change and stop the systems a country or a company depends on? The paper sets out principles for keeping that authority, and what they mean for how critical systems are designed and governed.
What it covers.
Europe asks the same question in NIS2, DORA and the Data Act. The draft treats it as a question of design.
- Jurisdiction
- Where data and systems live, and which law governs them.
- Operational authority
- Who holds the keys to operate, change and stop a critical system, and how the state or institution that depends on it keeps that control.
- Lineage
- Every piece of data traced from where it was collected to the decision it supports.
- Continuity
- Failover and recovery planned so a system keeps running when a supplier, a border or a network fails.
Keep control of your critical systems.
We work with companies and public bodies that need to know where their data lives, who can reach it and how their systems keep running. Northflow runs its platforms in data centres in Europe, and we help you map and move your own.
Papers and reports.
- CERES: A Probabilistic Early Warning System for Acute Food InsecurityThe pipeline from signals to a graded forecast, the probabilistic scoring, back-validation on four historical crises and the public ledger that records every forecast before the outcome. arXiv, cs.AI and stat.AP.
- groundtruth: ERA5 station validationERA5 reanalysis against weather stations in Oslo, Madrid, Nairobi, Toronto and Sydney, with a scorecard per station. Built on climval and runs in Binder.
- HGE applied to quantum processing: technical evaluation report
26 experiments in three phases on the OQTOPUS quantum computing system at the University of Osaka. The depth invariance hypothesis held at 90 percent confidence.- HGE over Gaia DR3: structured hypothesis search at scale
A summary of the HGE run over Gaia Data Release 3: deterministic execution, what limits reproducibility, and how the evidence bundles are built for review.
Technical documentation.
- CERES API referenceThe OpenAPI reference for every public endpoint: forecasts, hypotheses, the archive and the grades.
- PSE documentationArchitecture, the connector interface, the API reference and deployment.
- LITHOS documentationArchitecture, the anomaly engine, the quickstart and the attribution the data sources require.
- HGE architecture overview
- How the engine's parts work together and how data flows from an instrument to a signed result. On request.
- Evidence bundle specification
- The format of a signed evidence bundle: schema rules, provenance fields aligned with W3C PROV, and how to verify the signature. On request.
- Experiment specification schema
- The JSON schema for a hypothesis, the experiment that tests it and how the result is read. On request.
Working papers and ideas.
Written in 2025 and sent on request.
- The European Flexibility Operating System (EFOS)
An idea for a shared European layer that forecasts and coordinates flexibility in the energy system, across buildings, industry, storage and transport, with control kept at national and institutional level.
Ask for what is not linked.
Reports and specifications marked on request go to research institutions, funders, companies and public bodies with a defined use. Tell us what you need and why.